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Karol Świerczewski
Karol Wacław Świerczewski ((:ˈkarɔl ɕfjɛrˈt͡ʂɛfskʲi); callsign ''Walter''; 22 February 1897 – 28 March 1947) was an ethnic Pole and Soviet military officer and army general. He served as a communist general in the wars fought by the Soviet Union, Republican Spain, and the Soviet-sponsored Polish Provisional Government of National Unity following World War II.
==Life==
Born in Warsaw in Congress Poland, Karol Świerczewski grew up in a poor family and began working at age 12 in a local Warsaw factory. In 1915, at the age of 18 he was evacuated to Moscow by the Tsarist army during the First World War. In 1918 he joined the Bolshevik Party, and fought in the Russian Civil War as a soldier of the Red Army. During the Polish-Soviet War he fought on the Soviet side against the Polish Second Republic and was wounded. In 1928 on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of establishment of the Red Army he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner no. 146, his first military award.
From 1921, Świerczewski taught in the Soviet School for the Red Commissars. In 1927 he graduated from Frunze Military Academy in Moscow and worked in the Red Army General Staff.
In 1936, under the name General Walter, he went to Spain, during the Spanish Civil War, where he led the XIV International Brigade in the battle of Lopera, and later the 35th International Division in the Segovia offensive, and the battles of Brunete, Belchite, Teruel, and the Aragon Offensive.
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